Instructions:
- Answer all questions in all three sections.
- Write your answers on paper or in a document — do not write in the browser.
- Use the “Show mark scheme” buttons at the end of each section to check your work.
- Spend approximately: Section A — 50 minutes; Section B — 25 minutes; Section C — 15 minutes.
Section A: Comprehension and Translation (50 marks)
Passage 1 — Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
A Roman citizen describes the Saturnalia festival.
Vocabulary (words not in the DVL):
- Saturnālia, -ium
- the Saturnalia (Roman festival)
- celeberrimus, -a, -um
- very famous, most celebrated
- tabula, -ae
- gaming board, table
- voluptās, -tātis
- pleasure, enjoyment
- rēnūntiō, -āre
- to be announced, proclaimed
Q1. Answer the following questions on Passage 1. [10 marks]
Q2. Answer the following grammar questions on Passage 1. [6 marks]
Q3. Translate the following section of Passage 1 into English. [20 marks]
Passage 2 — Read the following shorter passage and answer the questions below.
A merchant describes a trading voyage across the Mediterranean.
Vocabulary:
- tempestās, -tātis
- storm
- omittō, -ere, omīsī
- to abandon, give up
- oleum, -ī
- oil (olive oil)
- līnum, -ī
- linen, flax
- comparō, -āre
- to acquire, earn
Q4. Answer the following questions on Passage 2. [10 marks]
Q5. Translate the phrase Dēmētrius tamen spem nōn omīsit. nāvem novam ēmit et iter longum ad portum Alexandriae fēcit (lines 2–3) into English. [4 marks]
Section A Mark Scheme
Q1. Comprehension [10 marks]
(a) The festival lasted seven days [1]; it is described as the most famous / most celebrated festival of the Romans [1]. [2 marks]
(b) Any two of: masters dined with their slaves [1]; they gave gifts to the slaves [1]. [2 marks]
(c) Any two of: the slaves played board games [1]; they sang [1]; they were not forced to work [1]. [2 marks — any two]
(d) Citizens gave/brought gifts to each other [1] and shouted happily [1]. [2 marks]
(e) He was proclaimed / announced as victor [1] and was praised by the citizens [1]. [2 marks]
Q2. Grammar [6 marks]
(a) Purpose clause [1]; “so that the people might have/enjoy pleasure” [1]. [2 marks]
(b) Passive voice [½], subjunctive mood [½]; it is part of a result clause (tam … ut) [1]. [2 marks]
(c) Translation: “they were being forced to work” / “were compelled to labour” [1]; tense is imperfect — showing an ongoing/repeated state during the festival [1]. [2 marks]
Q3. Translation [20 marks]
Model translation: “The slaves themselves played at gaming boards and sang and were not compelled to work. In the public streets, citizens used to bring gifts to each other and shouted happily. Games were also held/took place in the forum so that the people might have pleasure.”
Mark at approximately 6–7 marks per sentence (3 sentences). Reward passive constructions, purpose clauses, and dative/ablative usage. Accept alternatives where meaning is correct.
Q4. Comprehension [10 marks]
(a) His name is Demetrius [1]; he once had many ships [1]. [2 marks]
(b) He was poor because a storm had destroyed his ships. [2 marks]
(c) He did not give up hope [1]; he bought a new ship [1]. [2 marks]
(d) It is a purpose clause [1]; he made the voyage in order to buy oil and linen [1]. [2 marks]
(e) He acquired a very large sum of money [1]; this suggests he was determined / resilient / entrepreneurial [1]. [2 marks — accept reasonable inference]
Q5. Translation [4 marks]
“Demetrius, however, did not give up hope. He bought a new ship and made a long journey to the port of Alexandria.”
Award 1 mark each for: spem nōn omīsit (did not give up hope) [1]; nāvem novam ēmit (bought a new ship) [1]; iter longum fēcit (made a long journey) [1]; ad portum Alexandriae (to the port of Alexandria) [1].
Section B: Language Analysis (30 marks)
Excerpt 1 — A passage about Julius Caesar.
Vocabulary:
- Gallia, -ae
- Gaul (modern France)
- princeps, principis
- chieftain, leader
- supplicō, -āre
- to plead, beg
- pāx, pācis
- peace
- oppidium, -ī
- town, fort
- expugnō, -āre
- to storm, capture (by assault)
- lēniter
- gently, mildly
Q6. Identify the following constructions in Excerpt 1. [8 marks]
Q7. Parse the following words from Excerpt 1. [8 marks]
Excerpt 2 — A passage about Roman building.
Vocabulary:
- ingenium, -ī
- talent, genius
- opus, operis
- work, construction
- aquāductus, -ūs
- aqueduct
- censor, -ōris
- censor (Roman magistrate)
- sternō, -ere, strāvī
- to pave, lay out
- regiō, -ōnis
- region, district
Q8. Translate Excerpt 2 into English. [10 marks]
Q9. tālia opera facienda erant (line 4). [4 marks]
Section B Mark Scheme
Q6. Constructions [8 marks]
(a) Result clause (tam … ut) [1]; “he led [his army] so quickly that the enemy were afraid” [1]. [2 marks]
(b) Fearing clause (after timērent) [1]; “lest they be conquered / that they might be conquered” [1]. [2 marks]
(c) Indirect command (after imperāvit) [1]; “he ordered the soldiers to storm / that the soldiers should storm the towns” [1]. [2 marks]
(d) Past unfulfilled conditional (pluperfect subjunctive in both clauses) [1]; “If the Gauls had not resisted, Caesar would have treated them gently” [1]. [2 marks]
Q7. Parsing [8 marks]
(a) portārī: present tense [½], passive voice [½]; it is a passive infinitive used after jussit (indirect command / accusative + infinitive construction) [1]. [2 marks]
(b) expugnārent: 3rd person [½], plural [½], imperfect [½], active [½], subjunctive [½]. [2 marks — any 4 correct]
(c) resistissent: 3rd person [½], plural [½], pluperfect [½], active [½], subjunctive [½]. [2 marks — any 4 correct]
(d) tractāvisset: 3rd person [½], singular [½], pluperfect [½], active [½], subjunctive [½]. [2 marks — any 4 correct]
Q8. Translation of Excerpt 2 [10 marks]
Model translation: “The Romans always delighted in works of genius. Very long aqueducts were built by slaves so that water might be brought into the city. The Appian Way, which had been paved by the censors, ran through many regions of Italy. Such works had to be undertaken so that the Roman empire might stand.”
Mark at approximately 2–3 marks per sentence. Reward passive forms, relative clause, gerundive of obligation, and purpose clause.
Q9. Gerundive [4 marks]
(a) facienda is a gerundive (verbal adjective) [1]; it expresses obligation / necessity (“must be done / had to be done”) [1]. [2 marks]
(b) “Such works had to be done / were to be made so that the Roman empire might stand.” [2 marks — 1 for gerundive of obligation, 1 for purpose clause]
Section C: English to Latin (20 marks)
Q10. Translate the following sentences into Latin. [20 marks — 4 marks each]
Section C Mark Scheme
Q10. English to Latin [20 marks — 4 marks each]
Award marks as follows: 4 = fully correct; 3 = one minor error; 2 = correct structure with errors; 1 = partially correct; 0 = wrong construction or unintelligible.
(a) Cum servī līberātī essent, magnopere gaudēbant.
Key features: cum + pluperfect subjunctive [1]; servī līberātī essent (passive pluperfect subjunctive) [1]; magnopere (greatly) [1]; overall sense [1].
(b) Magister discipulīs imperāvit ut verba discerent.
Key features: discipulīs (dative with imperō) [1]; ut + imperfect subjunctive discerent [1]; after historic main verb [1]; overall sense [1].
(c) Imperātor, progressus, hostēs in castrīs invēnit.
Key features: progressus (perfect participle of deponent prōgredior, agrees with imperātor) [1]; nominative case [1]; hostēs in castrīs [1]; overall sense [1]. Accept any appropriate deponent verb (gressus, profectus, etc.).
(d) Urbs ā mīlitibus dēfendenda est.
Key features: urbs (nominative, subject) [1]; dēfendenda (gerundive agreeing with urbs) [1]; ā mīlitibus (dative/ablative of agent) [1]; overall sense [1].
(e) Sī imperātor nunc adesset, mīlitēs tūtiōrēs essent.
Key features: sī + imperfect subjunctive adesset [1]; imperfect subjunctive in apodosis essent [1]; tūtiōrēs (comparative adjective) [1]; overall sense [1].